Shenyang

Shenyang 沈阳市
Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city[1]
Clockwise from top: Shenyang Skyline, Sacred Heart of Jesus Cathedral, Mukden Incident Museum, Aerial view of Mukden Palace, Zhao Mausoleum, Dazheng Hall of Mukden Palace
Location of Shenyang within Liaoning
Shenyang Location of the city center within Liaoning Show map of Liaoning Shenyang Shenyang (Eastern China) Show map of Eastern China Shenyang Shenyang (China) Show map of China
Coordinates (Shenhe): 41°48′09″N 123°25′41″E / 41.80250°N 123.42806°E / 41.80250; 123.42806
Country	China
Province	Liaoning
Municipal seat	Hunnan District
County-level divisions	13
Government
• Type	Sub-provincial city
• Body	Shenyang Municipal People's Congress
• CCP Secretary	Zhang Lei
• Congress Chairman	Fu Zhongwei
• Mayor	Wang Xinwei
• CPPCC Chairman	Han Dongtai
Area
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city[1]	12,869 km2 (4,969 sq mi)
• Urban	3,658.2 km2 (1,412.4 sq mi)
• Metro	4,222.2 km2 (1,630.2 sq mi)
Elevation	55 m (180 ft)
Population  (2020)[2]
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city[1]	9,070,093
• Density	700/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
• Urban	7,885,142
• Urban density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
• Metro	8,192,848
• Metro density	1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
GDP[3]
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city	CN¥ 812 billion US$ 87 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 88,519 US$ 14,050
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	110000
Area code	24
ISO 3166 code	CN-LN-01
License plate prefixes	辽A
Climate	Dwa
Website	www.shenyang.gov.cn
Symbols
Flower	Rosa rugosa
Tree	Pinus tabuliformis

Shenyang
"Shenyang" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
"Mukden" in Manchu script
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	沈阳
Traditional Chinese	瀋陽
Hanyu Pinyin	Shěnyángⓘ
Literal meaning	north bank of the Shen River
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shěnyángⓘ Bopomofo ㄕㄣˇ   ㄧㄤˊ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Sheenyang Wade–Giles Shên3-yang2 IPA [ʂə̀n.jǎŋ] Wu Romanization Sen上-yan平 Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Sám-yèuhng Jyutping Sam2-joeng4 IPA [sɐm˧˥.jœːŋ˩] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Sím-iông
Mukden
Chinese	盛京
Hanyu Pinyin	Shèngjīng
Postal	Mukden
Literal meaning	Prosperous [capital]
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Shèngjīng
Manchu name
Manchu script	ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ/ᠮᡠᡴ᠋ᡩᡝᠨ
Romanization	simiyan/mukden

This article contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.

Shenyang,^[a] formerly known as Fengtian^[b] or by its Manchu name Mukden^[c] is a sub-provincial city in north-central Liaoning, China. It is the provincial capital of Liaoning and the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the 2020 census,^[5] also making it the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, and the second-largest by metropolitan population behind Harbin.^[6] The Shenyang metropolitan area is one of the major megalopolises in China, with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang, the county-level city of Xinmin, and the counties of Kangping and Faku.

Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), for whom it served as an important military stronghold. The 1621 Battle of Shen-Liao resulted in Shenyang briefly serving as the capital of the Jurchen Later Jin dynasty, the direct predecessor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).^[7] The 1905 Battle of Mukden took place south of Shenyang as part of the Russo-Japanese War. The subsequent Japanese victory allowed its annexation of the region west of the old city and the increase of Japanese influence in Shenyang. In 1931, the Mukden incident led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the rest of Northeast China, and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. After the Japanese surrender in 1945 Shenyang remained a stronghold of the Kuomintang until its capture by the Communists in 1948 following the Liaoshen campaign.

Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China,^[8] and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia, and Korea.^[9] A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan,^[10] the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics. Shenyang is also a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. As of 2023^[update], it was listed among the top 125 cities by scientific output in the world, as tracked by the Nature Index.^[11] The city is home to several major universities, notably Northeastern University and Liaoning University, listed as prestigious universities in the Double First-Class Construction.

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